性別：性交易除罪化的迷思，以辛巴威為例

原本以為性交易除罪化可以使處於經濟弱勢的性工作者不致遭受刑事處罰，實際上還有更多問題。辛巴威性交易除罪的結果，使大量的年輕女性甚至是女孩進入交易市場，年長女性因而退出，供給過多的結果導致削價競爭。Malaika Chatyoka，37歲，她抱怨說，她收取的報酬從30分鐘的10美元下跌到2美元。由於沒有警察取締，搶劫及強姦增加了。
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「罰嫖不罰娼」的瑞典模式，挪威、冰島、北愛爾蘭、加拿大等國所採用的方式，愛爾蘭已在立法，芬蘭、荷蘭、羅馬尼亞、愛爾蘭、丹麥、比利時等國則考慮採用此模式，又稱北歐模式。除了不處罰弱勢賣性者，處罰嫖客同時也處罰從中獲利的仲介與老闆。這種模式通常主張，多半從事性產業者並非出於自由，而是經濟弱勢或社會歧視導致就業不易，不處罰弱勢的賣性者的共識下，嫖客應自負社會成本，嚴懲性交易獲利的第三者，以杜絕皮條客與仲介剝削賣性者，並提出友善婦女、移民、少數族群、跨性別者等弱勢族群等之福利及就業政策，對已從事者，應有多元協助。
但瑞典模式並未如此完美。許多性工作者表示，這種模式會將性工作推入地下，走向醜陋的結局。一些議員和性工作者團體擔心，罰嫖會讓性交易更趨於地下化，嫖客可能要求性工作者到更隱密黑暗的地方交易，讓性工作者處境更危險，畢竟性工作者遭毆打、殺害的案例時有所聞。也有一些性工作者認為賣淫是自願選擇的謀生方式，新法影響他們的工作權益。
Zimbabwe’s Constitutional Court ruled in 2015 that the police could not arrest women for prostitution. At first, sex workers cheered.
Yet there was a catch. Tambudzai Mikorasi, a 40-year-old sex worker, says she may have celebrated too early. Now that the oldest profession has been decriminalised, a flood of young women and girls are joining it and driving down prices. (Jobs of any kind are scarce thanks to Robert Mugabe’s disastrous management of the economy.)
Some veterans have responded by hiring thugs to protect their turf. In return, the men can have sex whenever they want. “We have no option,” says Ms Mikorasi, her muscles flexing as she pulls down her miniskirt. “It has never been this bad. These little girls are pushing us out of business.” Malaika Chatyoka, a 37-year-old, complains that the fee she can charge has slumped from $10 for 30 minutes to as little as $2 on some nights. The price for a full night is down to $10, one fifth of what she used to charge.
She adds that without the police paying attention there has been an increase in robberies and rape.
#性交易除罪化
https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21713866-less-stigma-more-competition-decriminalising-sex-trade-zimbabwe
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The “Swedish model”, which made buying sex illegal in 1999, is one which should be followed. Norway, Iceland and France have adopted similar models, and the European Parliament has championed it. The Swedish model attempts to wipe out prostitution by reducing demand.
But it is not completely clear that the Swedish model has worked. Those who support decriminalisation—which includes this newspaper, along with many sex workers—point to the fact that pushing prostitution underground can have ugly consequences.